LaTeX (pronounced "laytech") is the most widely used system for mathematical typesetting. Like HTML, it is a markup language: you describe what you want in a plain text file, and then use a program to convert this description to PostScript or PDF.
To learn how to use LaTeX, begin by reading the University of Colorado's LaTeX Site. Among other things, it explains where to obtain the necessary software for using LaTeX on machines running Linux, Mac OS X and Windows. There is also a page on including graphics in LaTeX documents.
You may also want to consult LaTeX: from Quick and Dirty to Style and Finesse, by Tony Roberts.
A moderately involved example of what can be achieved using LaTeX can be found in the file example.tex, which uses the files macros.tex, defs.tex and commands.tex.
To turn example.tex into PDF on Linux or Mac OS X using latex run the following commands (after copying all four files into a new directory):
latex example.tex latex example.tex dvips -Ppdf example.dvi ps2pdf example.ps
(latex had to be run again, because there were undefined cross-references after the first run.)
To turn example.tex into PDF on Linux or Mac OS X using pdflatex, run the following commands (after copying all four files into a new directory):
pdflatex example.tex pdflatex example.tex
(pdflatex had to be run again, because there were undefined cross-references after the first run.)
On Linux and Mac OS X, you can use the program smlnjtrans to generate LaTeX transcripts of SML/NJ sessions.
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